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The primary concern for a patient taking loop diuretics regarding electrolyte levels is hypokalemia. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), work primarily by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride (Na+-K+-2Cl-) cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidneys. This action results in increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium.

Since potassium is among the electrolytes that are lost in large quantities, patients on loop diuretics frequently experience decreased potassium levels, leading to hypokalemia. Symptoms of hypokalemia may include muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and arrhythmias, making it essential for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels in patients on these medications.

While loop diuretics also affect other electrolytes, such as sodium and calcium, the risk of hypokalemia is particularly significant and widely recognized in clinical practice. Thus, diligent management and monitoring of potassium levels are crucial for patients receiving loop diuretic therapy.